Trains in Vancouver, Washington, on August 1, 1999

In the afternoon of August 1, 1999, I arrived in Vancouver, Washington, having been riding a very late westbound Empire Builder that ended up being suspended in Spokane and then taking an Amtrak-chartered bus the rest of the way. My late arrival in Vancouver coincided with some interesting Burlington Northern Santa Fe freight traffic.

A westbound loaded coal train from the Columbia River Gorge made its way around the Vancouver wye to continue north towards Seattle. This coal was probably bound for the coal-fired power plant in Centralia, Washington.

As this train slowly made its way around the wye, we had enough time to get in the car and move to the railroad crossing on West 11th Street to get a better view of the train.

The lead locomotive was Burlington Northern Santa Fe #8826, a 4,000-horsepower SD70MAC that was built by the General Motors Locomotive Group in London, Ontario, in March 1999.

The second unit was Burlington Northern Santa Fe #9989, another 4,000-horsepower SD70MAC that was built by the General Motors Locomotive Group in London, Ontario, in December 1998.

This coal train featured a number of experimental "Trough Train" articulated aluminum coal hoppers. Designed by Burlington Northern and built by Johnstown America Corporation, a total of 23 of these 13-unit sets were constructed in November and December of 1994. Each set was 278 feet long and had a single axle at each end with a standard freight truck at each articulation joint, and no bulkheads between the intermediate units (hence the name "Trough Train"). With each set having a capacity of 28,740 cubic feet, a train of all 23 sets equaled the capacity of 146 standard coal hoppers with less length and weight. These cars were not successful enough for any more to be built, but they remained in service for a number of years.

While the long coal train passed by, I noticed Burlington Northern #2882 parked on the servicing tracks near the Vancouver depot. Originally built by the Electro-Motive Division of General Motors in April 1964 as 2,500-horsepower GP35 #984 for the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy. After the CB&Q was merged into Burlington Northern in March 1970, it became Burlington Northern #2530. In March 1990 it was rebuilt by Morrison-Knudsen of Boise, Idaho, as 2,300-horsepower GP39M Burlington Northern #2882.

The coal train had a pair of rear-end helpers on the back end. Burlington Northern #9432 is a 4,000-horsepower SD70MAC that was built by the General Motors Locomotive Group in London, Ontario, in March 1994.

Note that the coal train was not made up entirely of "Trough Train" sets, but also included conventional 3-bay hopper cars as well.

On the rear end of the coal train was Burlington Northern Santa Fe #9892, a 4,000-horsepower SD70MAC that was built by the General Motors Locomotive Group and assembled by Bombardier in Mexico in July 1998.

The coal train was closely followed by another freight train, led by Burlington Northern #5566, a 3,000-horsepower C30-7 that was built by General Electric in December 1977.

Norfolk Southern #6652 is a 3,800-horsepower SD60 that was built by the General Motors Locomotive Group in London, Ontario, in November 1988.

The most interesting locomotive in this consist is Burlington Northern #7149, a 3,000-horsepower SD40-2 that was built by the Electro-Motive Division of General Motors in February 1979. It was the second of two SD40-2s that Burlington Northern converted to DF40-2s that could be fueled by refrigerated liquid methane, or liquified natural gas (LNG), supplied from a fuel tender as an experiment in the early 1990s. The use of LNG had the potential for lower fuel costs, greater engine longevity, and cleaner exhaust emissions, but required extensively modified power assemblies and a new design of piston to maintain the engine's 3,000-horsepower rating. Larger flared radiators from retired SD45s were also installed on both units. An LNG fueling station was constructed in Staples, Minnesota, and the two DF40-2s were used in unit coal train service between Staples and Glendive, Montana. The experiments ended in 1996 and the two locomotives returned to regular service and their old diet of diesel fuel, though they retained the special paint schemes they received for the experimental program.

ATGX #5511 and #5513 are 3,000-horsepower C30-7s that were built by General Electric in April 1977 as Burlington Northern #5511 & #5513. They were retired in January 1999, sold to ATEL Leasing Corporation for lease service, and leased back by Burlington Northern Santa Fe.

Riding the Westbound Empire Builder through Idaho

On August 1, 1999, I was riding Amtrak's eastbound Empire Builder from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to Vancouver, Washington. The Empire Builder usually passes through Idaho around midnight, but this particular train was running very late, I got to see Idaho in the light of the morning sun.

The Empire Builder parallels the Kootenay River from just east of Libby, Montana, west to Bonners Ferry, Idaho. I'm not sure if these pictures of the Kootenai River are from Montana or Idaho. The Kootenay River starts in Canada, runs south to Libby, then turns north through Idaho and back into Canada where it flows into the Columbia River.

The Empire Builder does not stop in Bonners Ferry, Idaho, and after passing through the town the tracks turn south as the Kootenay River continues north. This view shows some the farmland just west of Bonners Ferry.

This picturesque farm is located south of Bonners Ferry along a road called Deep Creek Loop. Deep Creek, a tributary of the Kootenay River, flows through the trees behind it. The Empire Builder's next stop would be Sandpoint, Idaho, followed by Spokane, Washington. This particular train was running so late that by the time it reached Spokane, it didn't have enough time to reach Seattle and Portland before it would have had to already been headed back east again, so in Spokane, all the passengers were taken off the train and taken to their destinations by bus.

Riding the Westbound Empire Builder through Minnesota & North Dakota

On July 31, 1999, I was riding Amtrak's westbound Empire Builder from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to Vancouver, Washington. This train was running very late, (we were actually taken from Milwaukee to Midway Station in St. Paul by bus) but it did allow me to see some scenes that the train normally passed in darkness, such as Burlington Northern Santa Fe's yard in Dilworth, Minnesota, just east of Fargo, North Dakota. Parked here with some passenger cars was Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe #119, a 3,800-horsepower GP60M that was built by the General Motors Locomotive Group in London, Ontario, in June 1990.

Burlington Northern #1532 was originally built by the Electro-Motive Division of General Motors in April 1956 as Great Northern 684, a 1,750-horsepower GP9. After the Great Northern was merged into the Burlington Northern, it became Burlington Northern #1836 It was retired on June 15, 1992, and was sent to Morrison-Knudsen in Boise, Idaho, on September 25, 1992, to be rebuilt as an 1,800-horsepower GP28M, with its 567C prime mover fitted with a 645C upgrade kit, a new control stand, dynamic brakes, a Dash 2 electrical system, an AR10E1 alternator, a centralized air filtration system, and a GP38-2-style carbody with a GP50 cab. It was completed on January 10, 1993, as Burlington Northern #1532.

Burlington Northern Santa Fe #2278 is a 2,000-horsepower GP38-2 that was originally built by the Electro-Motive Division of General Motors in July 1973 as St. Louis-San Francisco (also known as the Frisco) #423. The Frisco was merged into the Burlington Northern in 1980, and this locomotive became Burlington Northern #2278. It retained its number through the September 22, 1995 merger of the Burlington Northern and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe, being repainted into Burlington Northern Santa Fe's "Heritage I" paint scheme on June 22, 1998. In addition to being repainted, it has also had its headlight moved into the nose following Santa Fe practice.

The westbound Empire Builder was scheduled to make its station stop in Fargo, North Dakota, at 3:44 AM, but it was well after sunrise when I photographed Burlington Northern Santa Fe #4877, a 4,400-horsepower Dash 9-44CW that was built by General Electric in September 1998, from the train as it passed through Fargo.

Pictured in Minot, North Dakota, Burlington Northern Santa Fe #1067 is a 4,400-horsepower Dash 9-44CW that was built by General Electric in November 1996. The westbound Empire Builder was normally scheduled to pass through Minot in daylight, making a service stop there in the morning from 8:36 to 8:56, but the sun was high in the sky by the time this train got there.

Burlington Northern #6227 is a 1,750-horsepower SD9 that was originally built by the Electro-Motive Division of General Motors in April 1959 as Colorado & Southern #832, The Colorado & Southern was a subsidiary of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, and after the CB&Q was merged into the Burlington Northern in March 1970, Colorado & Southern locomotives retained their numbers and reporting marks. These locomotives began to be renumbered into Burlington Northern's main numbering system in December 1978, and this locomotive became Colorado & Southern #6227 and finally Burlington Northern #6227. It was still in service in Minot after the Burlington Northern Santa Fe merger.

Burlington Northern Santa Fe #4993 is a 4,400-horsepower Dash 9-44CW that was built by General Electric in December 1998. It is pictured here at the engine terminal in Minot, North Dakota.

Just west of Minot, the Empire Builder crosses one of the largest trestles on its route. The Gassman Coulee Trestle is a steel girder trestle that was built in 1899, replacing a wooden trestle that was blown down by a tornado. It is 1,792 feet long and 117 feet high. This is a view from the trestle.

The Gassman Coulee Trestle crosses over County Road 12W near the intersection with 62nd Street SW, as seen here in another view from the trestle.

Here is another view from the Gassman Coulee Trestle. This low area is aptly named Trestle Valley.

Here is another view of the scenery west of Minot.

The westbound Empire Builder was scheduled to stop at Williston, North Dakota, at 11:03 AM, but the evening light was already starting to fade when I photographed Great Northern O-1 Class 2-8-2 #3059 from the train during the Williston station stop. The Great Northern had a total of 145 O-1 Class 2-8-2 Mikados built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in four groups between August 1911 and February 1919, and the last of them were retired in April 1958. Built in February 1913, #3059 was one of the last 15 in operation when it was retired in December 1957, and is the only survivor. It was donated to the City of Williston and placed on display in Railroad Park on August 2, 1958.

Eastbound Empire Builder at Midway Station

On July 25, 1999, I was riding Amtrak's eastbound Empire Builder to Milwaukee. That morning the train made its scheduled service stop at Midway Station, serving the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota. Parked on one of the tracks was the private car Caritas. The Caritas was built in 1948 by Pullman as a 4-Bedroom, 14-Roomette Sleeping Car for the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway, or Frisco for short. The car was originally named Pierre Laclede after the founder of St. Louis. The car was originally assigned to the Texas Special, which ran between St. Louis, Missouri, and San Antonio, Texas. over the Frisco and the Missouri-Kansas-Texas. The Frisco discontinued its portion of the Texas Special (the northern portion) in 1959. In 1964, this car was sold to the Canadian National and named Churchill Falls. High Iron Travel bought the car in 1983 and rebuilt it to its current configuration, with 3 double bedrooms and a master room, dining area, galley, wine cellar, and lounge.

Part of this eastbound Empire Builder's Superliner consist included a Smoking Coach in the Seattle section. In 1996 and 1997, Amtrak converted 34 of its 48 Superliner I Coach Baggage cars into Smoking Coaches by converting the baggage room on the lower level to a smoking room. This was to give coach passengers a place on the train to smoke without disturbing non-smoking passengers. The Smoking Coaches were converted back to Coach Baggage cars in 2004.

Here are the Empire Builder's locomotives at Midway. Amtrak #817 & #800 are 4,000-horsepower Dash 8-40BPs that were built by General Electric in July & April 1993.

The Empire Builder featured a Heritage Fleet Baggage Car for passenger baggage (except the Portland section, which had Superliner Coach Baggage). On this run was Amtrak #1208, still wearing its Phase III stripes. It was originally built by Budd in 1953 as Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe #3521. After the formation of Amtrak in 1971 it became Amtrak #1037, and in June 1978 it was converted for Head-End Power and renumbered to #1208.

The Empire Builder carries significantly more coach passengers between the Twin Cities and Chicago than it does on the rest of its route, so an additional coach is often added to the eastbound train at Midway, and removed here on the westbound run. On this run, Superliner I Coach Baggage #31007 was added to the end of the train, behind the sleeping car from Portland. It was built by Pullman-Standard in 1980.

Riding the Eastbound Empire Builder through Montana & North Dakota

July 24, 1999 was the second day of my trip aboard Amtrak's eastbound Empire Builder to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. That morning, the train stopped alongside Great Northern NW3 #181 in Whitefish, Montana. Built by the Electro-Motive Division of General Motors in March 1942 as Great Northern #5406, this 1,000-horsepower diesel locomotive was the last of the only seven NW3s built, all for the Great Northern. It was renumbered to #181 in 1943. On August 30, 1965, the Great Northern sold #181 to Anaconda Aluminum in Columbia Falls, Montana, where it became their #900. When no longer needed, Anaconda Aluminum donated the locomotive to the Stumptown Historical Society in Whitefish, Montana. It was restored to Great Northern colors and placed on permanent static display next to the Whitefish depot on November 19, 1990.

East of Whitefish, Montana, the route of Amtrak's Empire Builder skirts the south edge of Glacier National Park as its parallels the Middle Fork of the Flathead River, as seen here near Nyack, Montana.

In addition to the Middle Fork of the Flathead River, Amtrak's Empire Builder also parallels U.S. Highway 2, which featured red-tinted pavement near Nyack, Montana.

The eastbound Empire Builder is climbing into the Rocky Mountains by this point. Shortly after passing Essex, Montana, the railroad passes through Snowshed #12, the first of a number of structures that protect the railroad from winter slides and avalanches. At the end of Snowshed #12 is this view of the Middle Fork of the Flathead River. The bridge carrying U.S. Highway 2 Bridge over the river is visible in the background.

The eastbound Empire Builder eventually crosses the Middle Fork of the Flathead River near Nimrod, Montana on Java Trestle, at the point where Java Creek flows into Middle Fork of the Flathead River. This view from Java Trestle shows the clear blue water of the Middle Fork of the Flathead River.

Leaving Glacier Park, the eastbound Empire Builder stops at East Glacier, Montana. Visible from the train during the station stop is the Glacier Park Lodge. The Glacier Park Lodge was built in 1913 by the Glacier Park Company, a subsidiary of the Great Northern Railway, and its design was based on the Forestry Building from the 1905 Lewis & Clark Centennial Exposition in Portland, Oregon.

As the eastbound Empire Builder continues out of the Rocky Mountains into eastern Montana. One of the major stops on this part of the trip is Havre, Montana, which is a service stop for the Empire Builder. If the Empire Builder is running on time, it will stop here for about 20 minutes, giving passengers an opportunity to step off the train and stretch their legs.

On static display next to the Amtrak depot in Havre is Great Northern steam locomotive #2584, an S-2 Class 4-8-4 that was built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1930.

This locomotive is an example of the type of locomotives that pulled passenger trains like the Empire Builder through Montana during the age of steam.

A sign next to the locomotive tells its history:

THIS NORTHERN TYPE LOCOMOTIVE, SURVIVOR OF THE LAST STEAM ENGINES ACQUIRED BY THE GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY FOR MAIN-LINE PASSENGER SERVICE, WAS PLACED ON PERMANENT EXHIBITION HERE ON MAY 15, 1964.

A POWERFUL AND SPEEDY LOCOMOTIVE, THIS ENGINE NOW LOOKS EVERY BIT THE ARISTOCRAT THAT IT WAS DURING THE YRS. OF ITS PRE-EMINENT ASSOCIATION WITH THE EMPIRE BUILDER AND THE ORIENTAL LIMITED. THE EMPIRE BUILDER WAS INAUGURATED ON JUNE, 1929, AND WAS PULLED BY A MOUNTAIN TYPE LOCOMOTIVE, BUT POPULARITY OF THE TRAIN LED TO ADDITION OF CARS TO THE CONSIST, AND THIS NECESSITATED MORE POWERFUL ENGINES.

IN 1930 GREAT NORTHERN ACQUIRED 14 CLASS S-2 STEAM LOCOMOTIVES FROM BALDWIN LOCOMOTIVE WORKS FOR SERVICE ON THE EMPIRE BUILDER AND THE FAST MAIL TRAINS. THIS ENGINE - No 2584 - IS THE LAST OF THE 14 ENGINES. SAMUEL VAUCLAIN, PRESIDENT OF BALDWIN DESCRIBED THE CLASS S-2 ENGINES AS "THE FINEST, MOST POWERFUL STEAM PASSENGER LOCOMOTIVES EVER BUILT UP TO THIS TIME." THESE ENGINES WERE OPERATED IN FREIGHT SERVICE AFTER THE EMPIRE BUILDER WAS STREAMLINED AND DIESEL POWERED IN 1947, AND WERE RETIRED IN 1955.

LOCOMOTIVE AND TENDER ARE 103 FEET 3 INCHES LONG, WEIGHT 764,680 POUNDS, AND HEIGHT FROM RAIL TO TOP OF STACK IS 16 FEET. No 2584 WAS AN OIL BURNER AND DEVELOPED 58,305 POUNDS OF TRACTIVE EFFORT. EACH OF THE 8 DRIVE WHEELS IS 80 INCHES HIGH.

THE TRACK ON WHICH No 2584 STANDS IS LAID TO THE GREAT NORTHERN MAIN LINE SPECIFICATIONS. THE CREOSOTED TIES ARE SUPPORTED ON A SUB-BALLAST CONSISTING OF 6 INCHES OF ROCK CHIPS AND A BALLAST CONSISTING OF SIX INCHES OF CRUSHED PINK QUARTZITE ROCK, BOTH OF WHICH ARE QUARRIED BY THE GREAT NORTHERN IN MONTANA. WELDED RAILS FULLY TIE PLATED AND ANCHORED, WEIGHT 115 POUNDS TO THE YARD.

After departing the Havre depot, the eastbound Empire Builder passes Burlington Northern Santa Fe's Havre yard and engine shop, where Burlington Northern Rotary Snowplow Power Units #972571 & #972570 are pictured. Both were originally built by the Electro-Motive Division of General Motors as 1,750-horsepower F9A diesel locomotives for freight service. Burlington Northern #972571 was built in September 1954 as Northern Pacific #7003A. After the Northern Pacific was merged into the Burlington Northern in March 1970, it became Burlington Northern #812. Burlington Northern #972570 was built in March 1956 as Northern Pacific #7011D. On April 11, 1966 it was reassigned to passenger service and renumbered to Northern Pacific #6704C. After the Northern Pacific was merged into the Burlington Northern in March 1970, it became Burlington Northern #9818. Following the creation of Amtrak in May 1971, it was transferred to freight service and was renumbered to Burlington Northern #784 in July 1973. Both of these locomotives were retired in December 1981 and rebuilt by Burlington Northern as Rotary Snowplow Power Units, or RSPUs. Their traction motors were removed and they were rewired so their diesel engines and main generators could provide power for a rotary snowplow.

Much later in the day, the eastbound Empire Builder reaches another service stop in Minot, North Dakota, where I managed to get a picture of the train's cook in the doorway of the dining car while it was being restocked.

Here are the locomotives for the eastbound Empire Builder being refueled in Minot. Amtrak #817 & #800 are 4,000-horsepower Dash 8-40BPs that were built by General Electric in 1993.

Just to the west of the Amtrak station in Minot, and visible from its platform, is a crossing of the BNSF Railway and the Canadian Pacific Railway. Seen here leading a westbound freight train, Canadian Pacific #8559 is a 4,400-horsepower AC4400CW that was built by General Electric in 1998.